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Category: History

TWO GREAT REFORMERS: ANDRZEJ ZAMOYSKI AND ISTVÁN SZÉCHENYI

A comparative character-sketch of the two great reform politicians, Andrzej Zamoyski and István Széchenyi, is a somewhat risky venture. Before outlining the similarities and common points that connect these two statesmen, and going into details of their respective careers, achievements and merits, we have to point out fundamental differences right

TWO ITALIANS AGAINST BÉLA KUN

It was not in a train with firmly locked doors that on 16 November 1918 the thirty-two-years old Béla Kun returned to Hungary with a few companions. He had left the country three years earlier as a soldier of Franz Joseph of Habsburg, and at the Russian front he had

‘THE POWER OF THE POWERLESS’ AND ‘LIVING IN TRUTH’ IN DEMOCRACY

The Power of the Powerless was written by Václav Havel in the summer of 1978 and began circulating in samizdat in 1979. It is justly famous for the influence it had in the decade leading up to the revolutions of 1989. Its central idea was “living in truth”, and it proved to be

ERSATZ FREEDOM – REMEMBERING YEVGENY YEVTUSHENKO

In the pantheon of German literature Yevgeny Yevtushenko’s place is secure. For one simple reason: his poetry was translated into German by the Austrian genius Paul Celan. Yevtushenko will also remain in the history of music: his poems, including “Babi Yar” were the basis for Shostakovich’s 13th Symphony. But will his verse last in Russian poetry? That question relates to the artistic value of his poetry. As far as its political and social significance is concerned,

THE COMPROMISE: A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE

We have just passed an important anniversary, the 150th, in Hungarian history. On 8 June 1867, the Austrian Emperor, Franz Joseph, was crowned King of Hungary. It was a lavish ceremony, the great Hungarian aristocrats in their national finery, in Matthias Church, and Franz Liszt composed a mass for the occasion. After it, Franz Joseph mounted a horse, and galloped

THE LAST CORONATION: MYSTERY AND STRENGTH

For a day at least, Vienna was honouring, rather than merely profiting from, the source of its lustre, as the casket of Otto von Habsburg was borne from Stephansdom to the Kapuzinerkirche. Otto, who died at his Bavarian home on 4 July 2011, had been the last living link with