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Category: VOLUME IV, No. 1

FROM THE EDITORS: TALES FROM MIDDLE-EARTH

“I wish it need not have happened in my time,” said Frodo. “So do I,” said Gandalf, “and so do all who live to see such times. But that is not for them to decide. All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given

THE EUROPEANS BEFORE AND AFTER THE COLD WAR

Sometimes I am asked: why history? In so many places, history is a sort of primary-school nationalist propaganda, and serious people do something else. One of the best lines in Robert Skidelsky’s life of John Maynard Keynes is a remark made to Lytton Strachey in Florence, when he was writing

EUROPE WITHOUT EUROPEANS

In the 1990s, the European Union aimed to achieve two ambitious goals: to end the wars of Yugoslav succession and to lead the former communist countries in Eastern Europe toward economic and social prosperity. Both of these goals proved elusive. The Dayton Accord, brokered by the United States in 1995,

THE ENDANGERED DANUBE

The Government Commissioner’s mandate is to coordinate tasks between different ministries, and to coordinate the strategy with 14 countries, 8 of which are in the EU. The 11 priority areas include transportation and conventional security, tourism and culture, energy, infrastructure, environment and water issues, social and labour market inclusion, and

WARMER DAYS IN VOJVODINA

In addition to our extensive gathering of data, the investigations of two brave Roman Catholic Priests offered the most reliable source of information. Márton Szűcs, retired Dean of Bácsszőllős, and József Kovács, retired Parson of Martonos, dedicated the last years of their lives to gathering data about the innocent Hungarians

HUNGARY’S ‘OPENING TO THE EAST’ AND TURKEY

There is huge potential in the East, but fantasy remains more exciting than reality. There will not be any buying of Hungarian bonds by Turkey, Azerbaijan or Kazakhstan. Growth in trade volumes stagnated this year. Most of Hungary’s exports to the East come from multinationals based in Hungary. In order

RUSSIA’S ENERGY WEAPON

In 2011 and 2012 Vladimir Putin said on more than one occasion that Russia had managed to avoid the world economic and financial crisis thanks to the policies of the Kremlin. In several respects, this was true – but not so much in the energy sector, so vital to Russian

QUICKLY AND WITHOUT MERCY

In late 1956 and early 1957, in the wake of the suppressed Revolution a series of retaliatory mass shootings took place throughout Hungary, organised by the Soviet backed new Kádár government. “Starting today, we shoot!” declared György Marosán bluntly on the morning of 8 December to Ottó Steigerwald, leader of

COMMUNNIST TERROR IN 1956 AND THE RULE OF LAW

GOALS OF THE HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION OF 1956. REPRISALS UNDER KÁDÁR The Hungarian Revolution of October 1956 sought to put an end to the Soviet occupation of Hungary; to restore national independence; to create a parliamentary democracy in place of the Communist dictatorship; and to fully guarantee human and civil political

FORTY YEARS BACK – DIPLOMATIC MEMORIES OF BUDAPEST IN THE 1960S

We arrived in Budapest in a snowstorm in February 1968, dragging a four metre sailing dinghy behind us, to the bemused greetings of my future Embassy colleagues. There was almost no traffic. HOME LIFE We (Elizabeth, my wife, and I) lived in a one bedroom flat on the ground floor