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Picture of Ray Kinsella

Ray Kinsella

THE EFFECTS OF SANCTIONS
ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY HAVE NOT
BEEN THOUGHT THROUGH

The humanitarian catastrophe unfolding across Ukraine has triggered a tsunami of EU sanctions on Russia, unleashing seismic disruptions across the global economy, currency arrangements, and the infrastructure of global financial payments systems.11 European Commission, ‘Sanctions Adopted Following Russia’s Military Aggression against Ukraine’,2022, https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/banking-and-finance/international-relations/restrictive-measures-sanctions/sanctions-adopted-following-russias-military-aggression-against-ukraine_en. See also European Commission, ‘European Commission Calls

HUNGARY AND IRELAND

Divergent Paths and the Sustainability of Representative Democracy in the EU As recently as a decade ago, Hungary and Ireland shared a broadly similar cultural domain. Both were (and are) small, open economies. Both had a predominantly Catholic culture, shaped by engagement with Europe extending back more than a millennium.